Tip
vira / Resource type:
raziskava; diagrami; satelitske slike / research; diagrams; satellite images
Avtor
(Author):
John N. Louie
Opis
(Description):
cilj raziskave: s pomočjo instrumentov z visoko ločljivostjo dobiti natančne
slike podpovršinske strukture v seizmološko težavnih področjih. Na domači
strani UNR Seismological Laboratory
izvemo več o avtorjevih raziskavah, delih in predavanjih z geofizike, s
tematskimi povezavami. Potresi (besedilo in slike): otok Galapagos (satelitska
slika vulkanskega otoka, vir: NASA), globalni potresi (vir: USGS), globalna
topologija (slika različnih tektonskih potresnih okolij, vir: NOAA), tektonska
tipologija, satelitska slika Sinaja in Indonezije (vir: NASA). Seizmični
valovi: besedilo, diagrami in slike potresnih deformacij, seizmografi in
seizmogrami, Richterjeva potresna stopnja (Richterjeva lestvica, Richterjeva enačba,
matematični logaritmi), lokaliziranje potresov, seizmična energija (enačbe). [Zapis:
26.08.2000][Ažuriranje: 31.10.2009]
Description
(Opis): Plate Tectonics, the Cause of Earthquakes.
The plates consist of an outer layer of the Earth, the lithosphere, which is cool enough
to behave as a more or less rigid shell. Occasionally the hot asthenosphere of the Earth finds a weak place in the
lithosphere to rise buoyantly as a plume, or hotspot. The satellite image shows the volcanic islands of the
Galapagos hotspot. Only lithosphere has the strength and the brittle behavior to fracture in an earthquake.
The map locates earthquakes around the globe. They are not evenly distributed; the boundaries between the
plates grind against each other, producing most earthquakes. So the lines of earthquakes help define the plates:
In cross section, the Earth releases its internal heat by convecting, or boiling much like a pot of pudding on the stove.
Hot asthenospheric mantle rises to the surface and spreads laterally, transporting oceans and continents as on a slow
conveyor belt. The speed of this motion is a few centimeters per year, about as fast as your fingernails grow. The new
lithosphere, created at the ocean spreading centers, cools as it ages and eventually becomes dense enough to sink
back into the mantle. The subducted crust releases water to form volcanic island chains above, and after a few
hundred million years will be heated and recycled back to the spreading centers.
A satellite view of the Sinai (from NASA) shows two arms of the Red Sea spreading ridge, exposed on land.
[Record: August 26, 2000][Updating: October 31, 2009]
Ključne
besede / Keywords: potresi; Richterjeva lestvica; seizmografi; seizmogrami;
seizmologija / earthquakes; Richter scale; seismograms; seismographs; seismology
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